M36C6 


B    3    b35    7(32 


Fifty  Years  in  Kansas 

A^  Brief  Sketch  of  the  Life  of  George 
W.  Martin,  Secretary  of  The  Kansas 
State  Historical  Society:  :::::::: 

BY     WILLIAM     E.CONNELLEY 


Fifty  years  is  longer  than  the  average  of  hu- 
man life.  No  great  proportion  of  the  human 
race  is  so  fortunate  as  to  have  so  long  a  period  of 
time  for  active  labor.  George  W.  Martin  has  been 
fifty  years  in  Kansas.  He  was  well  grown,  robust 
and  strong  when  he  came.  He  immediately  ap- 
plied himself  steadily  to  useful  labor,  and  if  he 
has  ever  lost  a  day  since  I  have  not  heard  of  it. 
He  has  spent  a  half-century  here  on  the  Great 
Plains  in  hard  work.  A  review  of  his  life  is  a  his- 
tory of  the  State.  Few  men  were  ever  so  active 
in  public  life,  and  Martin  has  left  his  impress  on 
Kansas  and  her  institutions.  No  State  ever  had 
a  more  loyal  son  or  devoted  citizen.  George  W. 
Martin  caught  the  true  inspiration  of  Kansas  the 
day  he  entered  her  borders.  It  has  been  his  guid- 
ing star.  He  helped  make  Kansas,  and  is  proud 
of  his  part  in  the  job.  Few  men  ever  had  a  wider 
acquaintance  in  the  State,  none  ever  had  more 
friends.  He  has  had  enemies  and  still  has  them. 
He  has  made  mistakes  and  may  make  others. 
But  he  is  outspoken,  rugged,  square,  honest.     He 

M195466 


^  Fifty  Years  in  Kansas, 

is  in  the  prime  of  life,  strong  and  vigorous,  and  we 
hope  he  has  many  years  of  useful  toil  in  Kansas 
yet  before  him.  This  brief  sketch  is  written  by 
one  who  has  known  him  many  years — known  him 
in  prosperity  and  the  most  blighting  adversity, 
and  who  always  found  him  with  his  face  to  the 
foe,  sword  in  hand,  battling  heroically  as  every 
real  man  should — always  found  him  cheerful,  with 
a  hopeful  heart,  doing  his  duty  as  a  true  man,  con- 
fident of  the  future,  and  always  without  a  word  of 
cximplaint.  The  influence  for  good  of  such  a  man 
is  always  great. 

WILLIAM  E.  CONNELLEY. 
ToPEKA,  Kansas,  April  15,  1907. 


FIFTY  YEzVES  IK  KANSAS. 


BY   WILLIAM   E.    CONNELLEY. 

In  some  corner  of  North  Ireland  tliere  must  be 
a  region  devoted  exclusively  to  the  propagation  of 
the  Clan  Martin.  It  is  quite  evident  that  the  in- 
dividuals of  that  name  have  overrun  tliat  country, 
and  have  been  for  many  years  spreading  abroad 
engaged  in  the  conquest  of  the  earth.  Martins 
are  found  here  and  there — everywhere — Martins 
with  black  eyes  and  Martins  with  blue  eyes — 
Martins  with  brown  hair  and  Martins  with  red 
hair — Martins  of  all  kinds,  sizes,  and  dispositions. 
They  have  settled  in  Kansas  in  such  numbers  that 
it  is  doubtful  if  they  can  ever  be  entirely  eradicated. 
Look  at  this  list,  hurriedly  made: 

Martin,  John  A. :  Governor,  Secretary  Wyan- 
dotte Constitutional  Convention,  State  Senate 
1861,  Colonel  Eighth  Kansas  Regiment. 

Martin,  John  :  United  States  Senator,  District 
Judge,  and  twice  Democratic  nominee  for  Gover- 
nor, House  1874,  1875. 

Martin,  David  :  Chief  Justice  Supreme  Court, 
and  Judge  of  District  Court. 

INTartin,  George  W.  :  State  Printer,  House 
1883,  and  Secretary  of  State  Historical  Society. 

(3) 


Fijty  Years  in  Kansas. 


Martin,  Wyly:  Captain  Regular  Army,  who 
establislied  first  military  post  in  Kansas,  in  1818. 

Martin,  J.  W. :  Captain  Kickapoo  Rangers, 
1855. 

Martin,  F.  L.,  Hutchinson : .  Judge  Ninth  Dis- 
trict, 1892-1900. 

Martin,  H.  W.,  Shawnee  county:  House,  1862. 

Martin,  Dr.  J.  S.,  Highland:    House,  1869. 

Martin,  C.  S.,  Osage  City:  Senate,  1873-74- 
75-76. 

Martin,  William,  Winfield:    House,  1874. 

Martin,  James  G.,  I.ouisburg:    House,  1879. 

Martin,  J.  H.,  Parsons:  House,  1879. 

Martin,  J.  C,  Kingman:   House,  1879. 

Martin,  I.  G.,  Paola:    House,  1883. 

Martin,  J.  W.,  Ladore:   House,  1885-87-89. 

Martin,  W.  W.,  Fort  Scott:  Senate,  1889,  1891. 

Martin,  A.,  Bluff  City:    House,  1889. 

Martin,  S.  C,  linda:    House,  1901. 

Martin,  J.  L.,  Yates  Center:  House,  1903; 
Senate,  1905,  1907. 

]\Iartin,  W.  W.,  Richfield:    House,  1903. 

Martin,  C.  I.,  Fort  Scott:    Senate,  1905,  1907. 

Martin,  Wm.  H.,  Wyandotte:    House,  1907. 

And  these  are  the  names  of  only  a  few  of  those 
who  have  broken  into  public  life.  Think  of  the 
countless  number  by  this  name  swarming  beneath 
this  public  list,  ready  to  burst  forth  and  seize  the 
direction  of  affairs  at  any  time!     But  we  can  stand 


George   W,  Martin, 


it!  When  pinned  right  down  to  the  facts  and 
made  to  cross  our  heart,  we  are  compelled  to  ad- 
mit that  they  have  been  worthy  men,  and  that 
their  courses  in  Kansas  have  been  creditable  in 
the  extreme.     So,  we  sav,  may  the  tribe  increase; 


GEORGE    WASHINGTON    MARTIN. 


may  it  grow  and  flourish  here  on  the  green  sod  of 
Kansas!  And  while  it  is  doing  so  we  will  take  up 
for  discussion  a  member  of  the  clan  who  once 
boasted  a  head  as  red  as  was  ever  shown  in  a  con- 
vention, but  now,  alas,  assuming  the  hues  of  the 
fl.owering  almond. 


Fifty  Years  in  Kansas. 


David  Martin  and  Mary  Howell,  parents  of  the 
subject  of  this  sketch,  were  married  at  the  head 
of  Six,  on  the  old  Alleghany  Portage  inclined  road, 
near  Cresson,  Pennsylvania,  September  16,  1840. 
David  was  born  in  County  Antrim,  near  Belfast, 
Ireland,  December  1,  1814,  and  emigrated  to  Amer- 
ica in  1819,  arriving  at  Baltimore,  and  settling  in 
Indiana  county,  Pennsylvania.  Mary  Howell  was 
born  in  Pittsburg,  Pennsylvania,  in  the  year  1822. 
Her  mother  was  a  Spargo,  whose  family  came  from 
Wales  and  settled  in  Pittsburg  in  the  year  1820. 
David  Martin's  grandfather,  William  Martin, 
emigrated  from  Scotland  to  Ireland.  His  son 
John  married  Elizabeth  Martin,  belonging  to 
another  family,  and  also  from  Scotland.  David 
Martin  and  Mary  Howell,  upon  their  marriage  in 
1840  settled  at  Hollidaysburg,  Pennsylvania.  In 
1855  Mr.  Martin  came  to  Kansas  to  make  a  new 
home,  and  in  the  spring  of  1857  brought  his  family 
to  Douglas  county.  At  4 :  80  p.  m.  Friday,  July 
29,  1892,  Mary  Martin  died;  and  at  1:30  p.  m. 
Saturday,  July  30th,  1892,  David  Martin  joined 
her  in  the  land  beyond  the  border.  They  were 
buried  in  one  grave.  Sabbath,  July  31st.  They 
had  celebrated  their  golden  wedding  two  years 
previously.  They  were  of  'Covenanter  stock. 
David  Martin  was  a  Mason  and  an  Odd  Fellow. 
He  left  home  in  1834  to  work  on  the  construction 
of  the  Alleghany  Portage  Railroad,  built  by  the 


George    W.  Martin. 


State  of  Pennsylvania  to  connect  the  waters  of  the 
Conemaiigh  and  the  Juniata.  They  reared  seven 
children :  George  W.,  the  subject  of  this  sketcli ; 
Edmund  McKinney,  Enid,  Oklahoma;  Mrs.  Af»- 
nie  L.  Williams  (now  deceased),  Rawlins  county, 
Kansas;  Elizabeth  Lowe,  in  Nebraska;  David 
Martin  (deceased);  John  Martin,  Colorado;  and 
Stephen  D.  Martin,  Colby,  Kansas. 


George  W.  Martin  was  born  at  Hollidaysburg, 
Pa.,  June  30,  1841.  He  there  worked  in  a  print- 
ing-office. His  father  was  a  quiet  man  of  pro- 
nounced views,  and  the  attention  attracted  by 
Kansas  in  the  fifties  did  not  escape  his  notice,  but 
so  aroused  him  that,  like  thousands  of  other  pa- 
triotic men,  he  determined  to  cast  his  lot  in  the 
new  Territory,  sink  or  swim,  live  or  die.  Having 
taken  up  and  improved  a  claim  near  I^ecompton 
in  1855,  he  arrived  with  his  family  at  Kansas  City^ 
April  7,  1857.  George  was  impatient  to  go  on, 
and  set  out  late  in  the  afternoon  in  the  direction 
of  Westport,  passing  on  his  way  the  fires  of  hurt- 
dreds  of  men  on  their  way  to  the  fertile  prairies  of 
"Bleeding  Kansas,"  camped  in  solid  timl)eT, 
where  now  stands  Kansas  City  the  wonderful. 
In  the  darkness  their  fires  flared  high  all  along  the 
road.  He  stayed  overnight  at  Westport,  and  early, 
the  next  morning,  in  company  with  another  Iwy 
and  four  men,  he  entered  the  promised  land.     The 


8 


Fifty  Years  in  Kansas, 


party  was  two  days  on  the  old  California  road. 
The  last  half-day  after  passing  Lawrence,  Martin 
suffered  much  from  blistered  feet.  About  four 
p.  M.,  April  9,  1857,  he  limped  into  I.ecompton, 
then  a  pro-slavery  town  and  the  capital  of  the 


LYDIA   COULSON    MARTIN. 


Territory,  and  found  lodging  at  the  Locknaiie 
boarding-house.  Going  immediately  to  the  post- 
office  to  get  any  mail  that  might  have  been  sent 
to  the  family  in  the  three  weeks  they  had  been  on 
the  road,  he  found  a  man  from  HoUidaysburg,  the 
postmaster.     This   man   began    a   tirade    against 


George    IV.  Martin, 


9 


the  preacher  (Rev.  David  X.  Junkin,  D.D.*)  in 
whose  church  Martin  had  been  brought  up,  and 
who  had  prayers  with  the  family  at  four  o'clock 
in  the  morning  of  the  day  they  left  Pennsylvania. 
Martin  resented  this  abuse  of  the  minister,  and 


JOSEPHINE   BLAKELY    MARTIN. 


high  words  resulted  in  the  threat  of  the  postmaster 
to  throw  him  out.  The  enterprise  of  the  Martin 
family  must  be  noted   here,  for  this  is  the  first 

*Dr.  Junkin  wrote  a  New  Year's  address  for  Martin,  with  which 
he  gathered  in  $47.50,  January  1,  1857,  as  carrier  for  the  HoUidays- 
burg  Register. 


10  Fifty   Years  in  Kansas. 

religious  war  of  which  there  is  any  record  in  Kan- 
sas. George  got  started  early  in  his  work  of  mak- 
ing Kansas  history.  His  family  did  not  arrive 
for  a  week,  being  delayed  by  the  father's  convic- 
tion that  the  Kaw  was  navigable;  he  discovered 
his  delusion  at  Lawrence,  and  hired  a  team  to 
complete  the  journey. 

Young  Martin  secured,  a  position  in  the  office 
of  the  Lecompton  Union,  an  intensely  pro-slavery 
paper,  edited  mainly  by  L.  A.  MacLean,  w^hich 
gave  way  about  July  1,  1857,  to  the  National 
Democrat,  a  moderate-toned  Democratic  paper. 
Here  he  remained  until  October,  1859,  when  he 
left  home  for  the  first  time.  Most  of  the  editorial 
matter  for  the  Lecompton  Democrat  was  furnished 
by  William  Brindle  and  Hugh  S.  Walsh,  but  as 
chore-boy  in  the  office  he  also  received  a  great  deal 
of  editorial  copy  from  Robert  J.  Walker^  Fred  P. 
Stanton,  and  Samuel  Medary.  He  believes  that 
Judge  Cato  wrote  for  the  Union,  but  is  of  the  opin- 
ion that  Gov.  Denver  never  troubled  himself  with 
editing  a  newspaper.  If  at  that  time  Martin  had 
possessed  his  present  historical  tendencies,  what 
a  story  he  might  tell  of  those  men,  for  they  talked 
much  in  his  presence.  They  frequently  kept  him 
waiting  for  copy,  and  one  of  the  vivid  pictures  yet 
on  his  mind  is  a  memory  of  the  vicious  but  well- 
rounded  profanity  of  L.  A.  Macl^ean  in  his  con- 
versations  about   the   Free-State   Pennsvlvanians 


George   W.  Martin,  11 

in  that  vicinity.  He  remembers  the  pro-slavery 
leaders  in  Lecompton  as  clever  and  hospitable 
men,  wild  only  in  their  language  concerning  "Ab- 
olitionists" and  on  the  slavery  question. 

The  father  had  settled  near  I^ecompton  in  1855, 
and  Martin  once  heard  him  say  that  during  the 
summer  of  1856,  as  he  was  going  to  Lecompton 
from  his  claim,  which  was  two  miles  south,  he  was 
looking  to  the  east  and  some  miles  off  towards 
Lawrence  he  saw  a  fire  start  and  a  man  coming 
from  it  in  his  direction.  lie  continued  to  watch, 
and  in  traveling  a  few  miles  the  man  set  fire  to  four 
or  five  barns  and  houses.  Hiding  in  the  brush,  he 
followed  the  incendiary  into  town  and  discovered 
that  he  knew  him  well — a  very  prominent  pro- 
slavery  man. 

Martin  was  greatly  impressed  by  Samuel  Walker 
because  of  two  incidents  which  occurred  within 
his  knowledge.  A  notorious  pro^slavery  desper- 
ado had  succeeded  in  bluffing  several  officers 
who  attempted  to  arrest  him,  two  I>eavenworth 
policemen  having  been  stood  off  by  his  pistol. 
Walker  came  after  him  one  day,  when  he  tried 
the  same  game ;  but  the  officer  was  too  quick  for 
him,  and  knocked  his  pistol  up  with  the  left  hand 
while  he  thrust  a  heavy  revolver  in  his  face  with 
the  right.  The  desperado  succumbed.  This  same 
tough  was  at  a  card-table  one  day  in  Doyle's 
saloon  with   Judge  Cato  and   two  leading  pro- 


12  Fifty  Years  in  Kansas. 

slavery  men.  He  told  his  companions  that  he 
had  burned  a  stable  near  Lawrence,  and  that  he 
expected  Walker  to  arrest  him.  They  each  laid 
a  revolver  on  the  table  and  said  he  should  not  be 
molested.  A  Free-State  Pennsylvanian  was  in 
the  room  and  heard  all  of  this.  He  came  out  of 
the  saloon  and  met  Walker  in  search  of  the  man; 
he  related  what  he  had  heard,  and  begged  Walker 
to  wait  until  he  could  get  a  gun  and  go  along  to 
assist  him.  After  some  persuasion  Walker  waited, 
but  when  the  time  came  he  rushed  into  the  room, 
seized  the  desperado  by  the  throat  and  dragged 
him  unaided  towards  the  door,  covering  the  others 
with  his  revolver. 

The  morning  that  Martin  left  Lecompton  for 
the  East,  in  October,  1859,  he  took  the  stage  at 
the  Rowena  Hotel.  During  the  night  the  news 
that  John  Brown  had  captured  Harper's  Ferry 
had  been  received,  and  the  pro-slavery  men  were 
all  excitement.  Martin  went  to  Philadelphia, 
where  he  remained  until  the  spring  of  1861,  work- 
ing in  a  book  office,  where  he  completed  a  five- 
years'  apprenticeship. 

George  W.  Martin  was  here  almost  at  the  be- 
ginning of  Kansas  history.  Always  active  and 
stirring,  he  has  witnessed  as  many  exciting  scenes 
and  participated  in  as  many  important  events  as 
any  man  in  the  State,  He  is  himself  a  part  of  our 
history.     He  was  in  the  mass  meeting  of  Free- 


George   W.  Martin.  13 


State  sympathizers  which  gathered  at  I^compton 
at  the  sitting  of  the  extra  session  of  the  Territorial 
Legislature  in  December,  1857,  convened  by  Stan- 
ton to  provide  for  the  submission  of  the  Lecomp- 
ton  Constitution  to  a  full  and  impartial  vote  of 


WILLIAM    SAYERS    BLAKELV. 


the  people.  He  remembers  well  the  speeches  of 
Lane,  Robinson,  and  Champion  Vaughan.  and  it 
is  his  opinion  that  William  Learner,  who  stiU 
lives  at  I^compton,  saved  the  town  that  day. 
Sheriff  Jones  was  determined  to  assault  G.   V\. 


14  Fifty  Years  in  Kansas, 

Brown,  publisher  of  the  Herald  of  Freedom.  Mr. 
Learner  hung  to  Jones  until  he  got  him  away  from 
the  party.  If  Jones  had  carried  out  his  intention, 
Martin  believes  the  town  would  have  been  de- 
stroyed. A  large  poster  had  been  circulated  call- 
ing on  the  people  to  "  assemble  at  Lecompton  and 
witness  the  inauguration  of  the  first  legal  Legis- 
lature ever  assembled  on  the  soil  of  Kansas," 
and  they  came  by  the  hundreds.  It  was  said  that 
many  ,of  the  wagons  were  loaded  with  guns,  con- 
cealed under  feed  and  other  things.  The  picture 
in  John  Speer's  book  of  Jim  Lane  making  a  speech 
from  a  wagon  is  good,  he  says,  and  he  thinks  Rob- 
inson spoke  from  the  steps  of  the  Land  Office. 
He  recalls  one  expression  from  the  speech  of 
Vaughan:  *'We  are  now  crowing  on  their  own 
dunghill;  let  them  come  forth!"  Of  this  first 
session  of  a  Free-State  Legislature,  elected  in  1857 
by  Walker  and  Stanton,  when  they  threw  out  the 
Oxford  fraud,  but  three  are  now  living:  O.  E. 
Learnard,  member  of  Council ;  E.  N.  Morrill,  of 
Hiawatha,  and  H.  Miles  Moore,  of  Leavenworth, 
members  of  the  House. 

Martin  first  saw  Topeka  in  the  summer  of  1858. 
He  borrowed  a  pony  and  rode  up  to  see  the  town. 
The  frame  building  on  the  corner  of  Fifth  and 
Kansas  avenue,  south  of  the  Federal  Building, 
was  there  at  that  time,  and  an  election  was  being 
held  in  it.     On  the  opposite  side  of  Kansas  ave- 


George   W.  Martin,  15 


nue,  between  Fifth  and  Sixth  streets,  there  was  a 
deep  gully  with  a  small  three-foot  bridge  across 
it. 

No  man  in  Kansas  has  ever  had  a  wider  ac- 
quaintance among  our  prominent  men  than  has 
George  Martin.  He  has  met  and  known  person- 
ally every  man  of  consequence  in  public  affairs  in 
Kansas  from  the  beginning  down,  except  Geary, 
Reeder,  John  Brown,  and  D.  R.  Atchison.  He 
has  seen  every  session  of  the  State  Legislature 
except  that  of  1861 ;  and  he  saw  the  sessions  of 
the  Territorial  legislature  of  1858  and  1859,  also 
the  special  session  of  1857.  Of  the  first  State 
Legislature,  in  1861,  but  eight  members  are  now 
living:  P.  P.  Elder,  of  Franklin  county;  S.  D. 
Houston,  of  Saline;  Robert  Morrow,  of  Douglas 
county;  and  J.  M.  Hubbard,  of  Wabaunsee,  now 
a  resident  of  Middletown,  Conn., — State  Senators; 
and  David  S.  Ballard,  of  Washington  county; 
Samuel  J.  (Jrawford,  of  Baxter  Springs ;  Ambrose 
U.  Mussey,  of  Pottawatomie,  and  James  McGrew, 
of  Wyandotte, — ^House  of  Representatives 

Martin  founded  the  Junction  City  Union,  a 
newspaper  that  exercised  a  greater  influence  on 
Kansas  politics  than  any  other  weekly  ever  es- 
tablished in  the  State.  He  arrived  in  Junction 
City,  August  1,  1861.  His  paper  was  the  most 
westerly  in  the  State  until  1867,  when  B.  J.  F. 
Hanna  established  the  Salina  Herald,     For  five 


16 


Fifty   Years  in  Kansas. 


years  the  Union  was  the  only  paper  pubhshed 
between  Junction  City  and  Denver.  He  says 
some  of  the  editorials  written  in  those  days  on  the 
agricultural  possibilities  of  western  Kansas  were 
marvels  of  nerve  and  ignorance,  but  he  has  lived 


DAVID    MARTIN. 


long  enough  to  see  them  vindicated ;  that  he  was 
then  an  unblushing  prevaricator,  held  responsi- 
ble for  all  the  crop  failures  up  the  Smoky  Hill, 
but  can  now  claim  that  he  was  a  prophet.  He 
made  a  "boom"  issue  in  February,  1869,  and  be- 
lieves it  was  the  first  in  the  State ;  he  published  a 


George   W,  Martin, 


17 


daily  for  nine  months,  ending  in  August,  1 867.  The 
Leavenworth  Conservative  in  1864  remarked :  **The 
editor  of  the  Junction  City  Union  beHeves  that 
when  God  made  things  he  put  one  point  of  the 
compass  where  Junction  City  now  stands  and  gave 


MARY  HOWELL  KABTIN. 


it  a  twirl."  Before  the  establishment  6i  the  Un- 
ion there  had  been  three  attempts  at  a  Democratic 
paper  in  the  town,  all  failures.  The  Republicans 
then  asked  the  Democrats  if  they  would  stand 
aside  and  let  them  try  a  paper.  They  consented,' 
saying  they  had  made  several  failures,  and  would 


18  Fifty  Years  in  Kansas. 

give  all  possible  support  to  a  Republican  local 
paper,  which  they  did.  In  an  address  entitled 
"The  Country  west  of  Topeka  prior  to  1865," 
delivered  before  the  Historical  Society,  January 
15,  1889,  Hon.  James  Humphrey  said: 

"In  1859  a  newspaper  was  established,  which 
proved  to  be  a  lively  sheet.  This  was  soon  after 
turned  over  to  George  W.  Martin,  who  made  it 
livelier  still.  The  history  of  Junction  City  is 
recorded  in  twenty-odd  volumes  of  the  Junction 
City  Union,  and  cannot  be  compressed  within  the 
limits  of  a  few  pages.  No  history  of  the  town  can 
be  written  without  making  distinguishing  note  of 
the  Union.  Its  tone  was  vigorous  and  aggress- 
ive; it  possessed  the  most  marked  individuality 
of,  perhaps,  any  paper  in  the  State.  Many  able 
pens  wrote  for  it  at  different  times,  but  they  all 
caught  its  gait  and  tone.  For  years  it  was  Junc- 
tion City's  chief  evangel.  It  castigated  the  vi- 
cious, rebuked  the  sinner,  raised  its  voice  like  one 
crying  in  the  wilderness  against  'Owl'  clubs  and 
other  midnight  carousals.  It  was  a  potent  factor 
in  local  affairs,  and  its  influence  extended  to  every 
quarter  of  the  State." 

In  an  address  entitled  "Kansas  Journalists — 
Men  of  '57,"  Noble  L.  Prentis  said: 

"The  reflection  of  the  editor's  head  casts  its 
radiance  all  over  the  columns  of  the  Union.  lAke 
[Sol]  Miller,  an  elegant  printer,  as  publisher  of  the 
Union  Martin  always  kept  his  paper  in  the  group 


George   W,  Martin,  19 


of  a  half-dozen  very  handsome  weeklies  of  Kansas, 
which  may  be  styled  the  belles  of  the  newspaper 
ball." 

That  the  "Men  of  '57,"  so  interestingly  sketched 
by  Noble  L.  Prentis  in  the  American  Journalist^ 
December,  1888,  possessed  "sand"  and  endurance, 
it  may  be  recalled  that  in  addition  to  Martin, 
James  Humphrey,  w^ho  came  to  the  Territory  in 
1857,  is  still  in  the  public  service,  and  Cyrus 
Lei  and,  Jr.,  who  also  came  that  year,  was  U  mem- 
ber of  the  Legislature  of  1865  and  did  splendid 
service  as  a  leader  in  the  Legislature  of  1907,  just 
closed.  Prentis  wrote  of  T.  D wight  Thacher, 
D.  W.  Wilder,  John  A.  Martin,  M.  M.  Murdock, 
T.  B.  Murdock,  Jacob  Stotler,  Sol  Miller,  D.  R. 
Anthony,  Thomas  A.  Osborn,  P.  B.  Plumb,  and 
S.  S.  Prouty.  The  list  contains  a  United  States 
Senator,  two  Governors,  three  State  Printers,  a 
State  Auditor,  six  State  Senators,  four  members 
and  one  Speaker  of  the  House,  and  in  the  second 
generation  two  native-born  members  of  Congress. 
D.  W.  Wilder,  the  two  Murdocks,  and  the  subject 
of  this  sketch  are  the  only  ones  living. 

The  first  manufacturing  enterprise  in  the  vicin- 
ity of  Junction  City  was  the  production  of  sawed 
stone.  A  great  effort  was  made  to  secure  the  use 
of  that  stone  in  the  construction  of  the  Capitol  at 
Topeka.     But  the  screaming  of  the   Union  was 


20  Fifty  Years  in  Kansas. 

outdone  by  a  Topeka  combine,  who  found  a  red 
sandstone  in  the  neighborhood  of  Vinewood.  The 
foundation  was  laid  in  the  fall  of  1866,  and  in 
January  following  it  was  already  apparent  that  the 
frost  was  making  havoc  with  it.  By  spring  it  was 
a  mass  of  mud.  It  cost  the  State  $40,000  to  put 
it  in  and  take  it  out.  The  indignation  of  the 
Union  overwhelmed  everything  else,  and  Junction 
City  stone  was  finally  used.  The  material  for  the 
remainder  of  the  building  was  brought  from  Cot- 
tonwood, the  choice  turning  on  the  question  of 
transportation,  the  Union  Pacific  having  but  one 
member  of  the  Commission,  and  the  Santa  Fe  two. 
For  a  few  years  about  that  period  one  cognomen 
for  the  editor  of  the  Union  was  "J.  C.  Sawed 
Stone." 

As  a  newspaper  man  Martin  has  never  been 
surpassed  in  Kansas.  He  was  a  vigorous  and 
sometimes  a  violent  writer,  always  saying  some- 
thing worth  while,  and  constantly  stirring  things 
up.  From  August,  1868,  to  August,  1870,  he 
carried  his  life  in  his  hands  because  he  called  at- 
tention to  a  gang  of  horse-thieves  in  the  vicinity 
of  Junction  City.  The  headquarters  of  the  gang 
were  in  Junction  City,  in  a  saloon  called  the 
"Unknown."  The  north  end  of  the  route  was 
Nebraska  City  and  the  south  end  at  Douglass,  in 
Butler  county.  On  the  22d  of  August,  1868,  a 
prominent  citizen  was  hung  by  parties  unknown. 


George   W,  Martin,  %l 


Immediately  the  impression  was  manufactured 
that  the  hanging  was  done  by  a  Republican  vig- 
ilance committee,  and  because  of  certain  expres- 
sions in  the  Union  Martin  was  held  responsible 
by  this  manufactured  sentiment.  For  a  year  the 
friends  of  the  dead  man  made  life  very  uncom- 
fortable for  Martin,  and  many  nights  the  author- 
ities had  special  policemen  about  his  home.  Two 
years  later  (August,  1870),  the  friends  of  the  dead 
man  concluded  they  were  on  the  wrong  scent. 
They  secured  from  St.  Louis  two  detectives,  and 
Martin  became  their  principal  adviser.  The  re- 
sult of  the  fight  was  that  the  leader  of  the  gang, 
who  had  for  years  been  a  notorious  outlaw  defying 
the  officers  all  over  central  Kansas  and  out  to  the 
Pike's  Peak  region,  was  killed.  Some  eight  men 
were  sent  from  that  neighborhood  through  the 
Federal  court  to  the  penitentiary,  and  fifteen 
more  were  run  out  of  the  country.  At  Douglass, 
the  south  end  of  the  route,  in  November  following, 
seven  men  were  hung  by  the  citizens.  After  that, 
horses  had  some  value  in  central  Kansas. 

In  the  early  days  the  management  of  the^'Ag- 
ricultural  College  persisted  in  ignoring  the  pur- 
pose of  the  act  of  Congress  creating  it,  and  at- 
tempted to  rival  the  University.  This  the  Union 
criticised  and  condemned.  A  bill  had  been  drawn 
to  consolidate  the  institution  and  its  great  grant 
from  the  United  States  with   the  TTuiversity  at 


22  Fifty  Years  in  Kansas. 

Lawrence,  and  would  have  been  presented  in  the 
Legislature  of  1874.  One  day  in  the  spring  of 
1873,  John  A.  Anderson  came  into  the  Union 
office,  and  said:    "A  man*  up  at  my  house  wants 


LINCOLN    MARTIN. 


me  to  be  president  of  the  Agricultural  College. 
What  do  you  know  about  it?"     "There  is  your 

*N.  A.  Adams,  one  of  the  early  pioneers  of  the  State.  Bom  in 
Putnam  county,  New  York,  September  14,  1835.  Settled  in  Riley 
coimty  in  1859;  Major  of  the  Eleventh  Kansas  Regiment;  for  many 
years  a  Regent  of  the  Agricultural  College,  and  an  active  and  all- 
around  useful  citizen.     He  died  at  Manhattan,  May  2,  1895. 


George   W,  Martin 


23 


chance  to  make  or  break,"  said  Martin.  "Tell 
him  you  will  investigate  it."  Anderson  wanted 
to  go  to  Indianapolis,  where  Benjamin  Harrison 
had  secured  him  a  church.     He  thought  his  work 


AMELIA    MARTIN    SURGE. 


in  Kansas  was  finished.  But  he  accepted  the 
presidency  of  the  College,  and  then  followed  a 
very  vicious  fight  for  three  or  four  years,  ending  in 
that  magnificent  collection  of  students,  build- 
ings and  grounds  at  Manhattan,  the  first  of  its 
class  in  the  United  States,  a  monument  to  Ander- 
son which  no  other  Kansan  will  equal  in  a  century. 


24  Fifty  Years  in  Kansas, 

In  a  collection  of  letters  recently  obtained  by  the 
State  Historical  Society  is  one  from  Chancellor 
John  Fraser,  telling  of  and  disapprpving  the  move- 
ment to  consolidate,  because  either  the  Univer- 
sity or  the  Agricultural  College  would  necessarily 
become  a  side-show. 

Martin  began  holding  office  in  1865,  when  he 
was  twenty-four  years  of  age,  and  is  still  in  the 
business,  and  if  he  holds  his  present  position  as 
long  as  the  people  will  demand,  he  will  have  made 
the  longest  public  record  of  anybody  in  the  history 
of  Kansas.  This  can  be  accounted  for  only  by 
recognizing  the  fact  that  he  is  about  as  honest  a 
man  as  ever  lived,  and  that  he  is  fearless  and  con- 
scientious in  the  discharge  of  public  duties.  No 
graft  or  boodle. ever  attached  to  his  name;  none 
ever  stuck  to  his  hands.  He  is  clean  and  square. 
He  was  always  independent,  and  could  not  be 
brought  under  control  of  cliques,  combines,  or 
interests.  He  has  done  what  he  considered  right 
and  his  duty,  and  let  consequences  take  care  of 
themselves.  That  made  him  a  good  citizen,  a 
power  in  his  community,  and  an  excellent  public 
official.  Perhaps  his  luck  for  holding  office  has 
been  due  to  his  associations  or  surroundings,  be- 
cause up  to  date  eleven  Junction  City  men  have 
held  Federal  and  State  positions  aggregating 
eighty-four  years,  or,  including  district  judge,  109 
years.     He  was  appointed  Register  of  the  Junction 


George   W,  Martin.  25 


City  Land  Office  April  1,  1865,  and  served  until 
November,  1866,  when  his  was  the  first  removal 
made  by  Andrew  Johnson.  He  was  the  first  to 
be  reinstated  by  Grant  in  1869.  He  was  the  first 
victim  of  the  Senatorial  trouble  in  1871,  when  he 
was  traded  out  and  the  office  changed  to  Salina. 
In  administering  the  affairs  of  the  office  he  never 
shirked  responsibility,  and  had  no  fear  of  going 
outside  of  the  law  to  do  the  fair  thing.  Many 
instances  like  the  following  could  be  related: 

An  Irishman  fresh  from  the  old  sod  filed  on  a 
piece  of  land,  and  two  smart  Americans  jumped  his 
claim.  They  got  out  contest  papers,  and  had  the 
advantage  of  him  only  through  his  ignorance. 
Martin  told  them  they  could  not  steal  the  man's 
land  right  before  his  eyes.  They  might  have  suc- 
ceeded in  their  contest  by  taking  an  appeal  to 
Washington,  but  they  were  told  that  they  had  bet- 
ter secure  other  land,  and  if  they  did  not,  he  would 
give  them  all  the  trouble  he  could.  After  a 
whispered  consultation  they  took  other  land,  and 
the  Irishman  told  Martin  years  afterwards  that 
he  had  a  half-section  of  fine  land  for  which  he  was 
indebted  to  him. 

A  case  came  before  Martin  in  which  Gen.  Nelson 
A.  Miles  was  interested.  Miles  was  a  Colonel  in 
the  regular  army,  and  in  command  at  Fort  Harker. 
Some  boomers  at  Brookville  and  Ellsworth  dis- 
covered coal  on  Government  land  on  the  hilltop 


26  Fifty  Years  in  Kansas, 

across  the  Smoky  Hill  from  Ellsworth.  They  got 
up  a  stock  company,  got  General  Miles  interested 
as  a  stockholder,  and  after  a  time  quarreled,  and 
all  rushed  to  the  Land  Office  to  file  on  the  land. 
A  contest  resulted,  and  it  came  before  Martin,  as 
Register.  The  civilians  had  an  all-round  lawyer, 
a  good  land  lawyer,  as  their  attorney,  and  Miles 
managed  his  own  case.  Half  an  hour  after  the 
hearing  began.  Miles  raised  a  point  which  Martin 
sustained.  The  lawyer,  as  is  the  custom  with 
that  tribe,  told  Martin  what  an  ignoramus  he 
was,  but  the  case  went  on.  In  a  short  time  Miles 
raised  another  point  which  Martin  sustained,  and 
that  knocked  the  case  out  of  court.  The  lawyer 
ripped  and  snorted,  but  Miles  walked  out  with  a 
smile  on  his  face.  An  appeal  was  taken,  and  the 
Commissioner  of  the  General  Land  Office  sus- 
tained the  rulings  of  Martin.  Then  the  case  went 
up  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  who  also  sus- 
tained Martin,  which  convinced  him  that  there 
was  a  chance  occasionally  for  the  application  of 
ordinary  common-sense  in  a  law  suit,  even  by  a 
layman. 

During  the  time  he  was  Register  of  the  Land 
Office,  partly  in  1865,  1866,  1869,  and  1870,— 
these  years  covering  the  beginning  of  the  real 
settlement  of  Kansas  upon  the  close  of  the  war, — 
he  did  the  largest  business  ever  done  at  one  land 
office  in  the  State.     For  more  than  half  the  time 


George    W,  Martin . 


Stl 


the  applicants  for  land  waited  upon  in  the  office 
would  run  from  fifty  to  one  hundred  and  twenty- 
five  a  day.  The  first  great  settlement  of  the  Re- 
publican, Smoky  Hill  and  Solomon  valleys  was  at 
that  time,  and  thousands  upon  thousands  of  the 


CHARLES   COULSON    MARTIN. 


titles  to  land  in  central  Kansas  are  based  on  Mar- 
tin's certificate. 

During  the  interim  (1867-68)  between  his  terms 
as  Register  of  the  Land  Office,  Martin  served  as 
Assessor  of  Internal  Revenue  for  all  the  region 


28  F^ty  Years  in  Kansas. 

between  Manhattan  and  the  west  line  of  the  State. 
It  was  his  duty  to  go  every  month  along  the  line 
of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad  and  look  after 
Uncle  Sam's  income.  At  that  time  every  person 
was  taxed  at  least  ten  dollars  a  year  for  living.  He 
had  many  adventures  in  his  work,  but  never  had 
any  trouble  with  the  rough  characters  with  whom 
he  was  brought  into  contact  by  his  business.     His 

usual  greeting  was,  "Here  comes  that revenue 

man  again!"  They  would  invariably  get  out  a 
bottle  and  a  glass,  but  he  always  refused  to  drink, 
saying  he  could  not  do  business  and  take  that 
stuff.  After  some  good-natured  badinage  they 
would  tell  Martin  to  tax  them  what  was  right  and 
they  would  pay  it.  Everybody -was  flush,  and  the 
tax  was  treated  as  a  sort  of  joke.  Scores  of  men 
paid  one  hundred  dollars  for  a  wholesale  liquor- 
dealer's  license  rather  than  twenty-five  dollars 
for  a  retailer's  license.  They  did  that  as  a  matter 
of  pride  and  dignity.  Upon  one  occasion  he  left 
Hays  City  for  Ellsworth  at  ten  o'clock  at  night,  in 
a  passenger  coach  at  the  end  of  a  freight  train. 
He  was  the  only  person  in  the  car.  Soon  the 
trainmen  disappeared.  It  was  the  coldest  night 
he  remembers  ever  to  have  experienced.  There 
was  a  stove  in  the  car,  but  it  was  locked,  and  he 
had  to  walk  back  and  forth  the  length  of  the  car 
to  keep  from  freezing ;  he  reached  Ellsworth  about 
five  A.M. 


George   W.  Martin,  29 

In  his  youth  Martin  was  very  zealous  in  punish- 
ing whisky-sellers,  and  in  that  work  he  secured  an 
occasional  black  eye,  something  modern  enforcers 
of  the  law  know  nothing  about,  because  they  do 
nothing  but  bark  and  howl  at  oflBcers  instead  of 
doing  something  themselves.  This  gave  him  some 
vigorous  ideas  about  the  matter,  and  led  him  to 
always  antagonize  putting  the  contemptible  an- 
nual, quarterly  and  daily  scramble  for  beer  in  the 
fundamental  law,  to  maintain  which  the  legal  and 
political  jugglery  had  almost  entirely  overshad- 
owed moral  suasion  and  the  duty  of  individual 
sobriety.  One  of  the  stories  told  of  those  days 
may  not  be  amiss  here : 

Martin  was  a  witness  in  a  case  against  a  man 
for  selling  whisky  to  an  Indian.  He  had  hap- 
pened, as  he  was  passing,  to  see  a  saloon-keeper 
bring  a  brown  stone  jug  out  of  the  back  door,  put 
it  in  a  gunny-sack  and  give  it  to  the  Indian.  On 
cross-examination  Martin  was  asked  what  was  in 
the  jug,  and  he  replied,  "Whisky."  "How  do 
you  know  it  was  whisky.?"  "My  reason  tells  me 
so."  "Did  you  taste  it.?"  "No."  "Smell  it.? " 
"No."  "See  it.?"  "No."  "Then  how  do  you 
know  it  was  whisky.?"  "Because  a  saloon- 
keeper would  not  put  water  in  a  brown  jug,  take 
it  out  of  the  back  door  and  give  it  to  an  Indian. 
Now,  I  swear  it  was  whisky."  He  wasn't  the  kind 
of  witness  toj  give  the  whole  ;thing  away^  by  say- 


30  Fifty   Years  in  Kansas. 

ing  in  the  end  he  didn't  know  anything  about  it. 
His  Owl  Club  letter,  written  in  1880,  has  been 
pronounced  by  William  Allen  White  the  most 
powerful  temperance  exhortation  he  ever  read. 

Martin  was  always  a  Republican  in  politics. 
He  cast  his  lot  with  the  Republican  party  before 
he  cQuld  vote.  But  he  was  always  a  good  citizen 
before  a  party  man.  He  was  too  independent  and 
straightforward  in  character  to  be  a  party  to  any 
job  or  scheme.  When  shysters,  political  mounte- 
banks and  party-pluggers  put  up  a  job  in  the  Re- 
publican party,  Martin  bolted  and  helped  to  stop 
the  party  scandal.  He  bolted  when  prohibition 
was  put  in  the  platform,  denying  the  right  of  the 
party  to  do  any  such  thing,  and  he  has  only  con- 
tempt for  what  he  calls  "  the  awful  shystering  and 
double-dealing  the  thing  has  fastened  on  the  State 
of  Kansas."  He  supported  Glick  for  Governor 
in  1882.  He  never  had  much  respect  for  the  idea 
of  reform  within  the  party,  but  always  said  that 
the  best  way  to  reform  his  own  party  was  to  vote 
the  other  ticket  once  in  a  while.  He  led  the  bolt 
for  John  A.  Anderson  for  Congress  in  the  Fifth 
District  in  1886,  when  a  lot  of  political  rounders, 
through  the  local  candidate  dodge,  beat  Anderson 
in  the  convention.  In  Wyandotte  county  he 
denounced  the  party  when  by  the  most  infamous 
treachery  and  ballot-box  stuffing  it  put  up  a  can- 
didate, and  Mason  S.  Peters,  a  Democrat,  was 


George   TV,  Martin.  31 

elected  to  Congress  from  the  Second  District.  A 
score  of  names  of  successful  party  leaders  might  be 
called,  showing  that  bolting  corrupt  candidates  or 
jobs  never  politically  hurt  a  man  in  Kansas. 

The  Republicans  of  Kansas  received  their  first 
whipping  in  1874,  and  Martin  was  charged  with 
some  of  the  responsibility  because  he  had  a  Dem- 
ocrat employed  as  binder  in  the  State  printing, 
but  he  thought  that  possibly  two  defaulting  county 
treasurers  holding  jobs  in  the  Governor's  oflSce 
might  have  had  some  influence  in  the  matter.  In 
January,  1875,  a  caucus  was  conceived  for  the  sole 
purpose  of  getting  Martin  out  of  the  office  of 
State  Printer.  His  friends  carried  a  motion  to 
adjourn  the  caucus  without  action  by  a  majority 
of  three;  a  row  was  caused  and  a  second  count 
was  had,  with  adjournment  two  ahead;  another 
row  and  another  vote  resulted  in  one  majority  for 
adjournment,  whereupon  one-half  the  caucus  gath- 
ered up  their  hats  and  coats  and  ran  down  the 
stairs,  and  Martin  was  given  his  second  term. 
There  was  no  caucus  for  Printer  in  1873,  1877,  or 
1879.  The  caucus  for  United  States  Senator, 
January,  1879,  was  most  disgraceful.  After  three 
days  of  balloting,  Horton  claimed  enough  to  elect, 
at  3  A.  M.  January  31 ;  but  in  joint  convention 
that  day  Ingalls  won  by  a  vote  of  86  to  80,  85  be- 
ing necessary.     When  a  member  of  the  I^egislature 


32  Fifty  Years  in  Kansas. 

in  1883,  Martin  refused  to  go  into  a  caucus  for 
Speaker. 

In  the  earlv  days  of  Junction  City,  not  because 
of  any  excessiye  piety,  but  because  he  was  raised 
that  way,  he  was  always  interested  in  church 
work,  and  every  preacher  who  came  along  was  in- 
vited in  and  made  welcome.  Until  he  believed 
the  proper  time  had  arrived,  he  opposed  all  at- 
tempts to  organize  a  Presbyterian  church  there. 
He  believed  it  folly  to  organize  a  church  which 
could  not  support  itself.  In  1865  a  fellow  drifted 
in  one  Friday  and  said  he  was  a  New  School  Pres- 
byterian preacher,  and  wanted  to  preach  Sunday. 
Saturday  afternoon  Martin  fixed  up  a  room  with 
boxes  and  boards  for  seats,  and  on  Sunday  morn- 
ing drummed  up  a  good  crowd.  The  fellow 
preached  all  right,  but  Monday  morning  hvi  began 
to  talk  about  organizing  a  church.  Martin  said 
there  was  no  chance  for  a  church  there  then ;  that 
the  time  had  not  come.  He  bored  Martin  all  day 
Monday,  all  day  Tuesday,  Wednesday  and  Thurs- 
day. Martin  was  living  at  a  boarding-house,  and 
Friday  morning  the  preacher  got  a]l  the  boarders 
on  their  knees  and  prayed  the  breakfast  cold  and 
made  everybody  mad.  After  breakfast  Martin 
took  him  around  the  corner  of  the  house  and  said, 
"Now,  you  git;  don't  you  stay  another  minute  on 
my  account."  He  went  west  and  settled  on  the 
Saline,  and  for  many  years  the  people  coming  in 


George   W,  Martin, 


38 


from  that  region  would  tell  Martin  of  the  abuse 
that  fellow  gave  him.  Later,  Martin  became  in- 
terested in  a  good  old  Congregational  brother  who 
was  at  one  time  much  mistreated  by  some  of  the 
people,  and  in  consoling  the  old  fellow  told  him  to 


GEORGE  W.  MARTIN  WHEN  UE  CAMK  TO  KANSAS. 


(From  an  old  dafnerreotyp*. 


go  back  to  his  farm  and  let  the  town  go  to  hell- 
that  he  had  done  his  duty.  Noble  L.  Prentis 
dressed  this  incident  up  and  made  it  a  good  story 
which  he  never  missed  an  opportunity  to  tell  to 
a  gathering  of  preachers.     But  do  not  understand 


34  F'^fty  Years  in  Kansas. 

from  this  that  Martin  was  not  on  good  terms  with 
all  the  pioneer  preachers.  There  were  many 
strong  men  among  them  who  made  their  marks 
in  the  development  which  followed.  His  view 
after  forty  years  of  observation  is  that  the  home 
missionary  was  the  most  useful  man  in  the  com- 
munity, exhibiting  more  statesmanship  than  a 
whole  county  full  of  politicians;  many  instances 
could  be  named  of  farseeing  judgment  and  heroic 
and  patriotic  service  rendered  by  the  pioneer  priest 
or  preacher,  aside  from  the  solace  of  their  minis- 
trations among  a  people  attempting  to  establish 
homes  in  an  unbroken  wilderness  with  no  capital 
but  their  faith  in  the  future. 

From  the  moment  Martin  met  John  A.  Ander- 
son the  two  men  were  as  twin  brothers.  Anderson 
came  to  Junction  City  in  1868,  and  the  church 
was  a  success  from  that  time,  and  for  thirty-nine 
years  it  has  been  a  prosperous,  self-supporting, 
harmonious  institution.  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Hender- 
son, widow  of  the  late  Captain  Robert  Henderson, 
and  Mr.  Martin,  are  the  only  ones  now  living  of 
the  charter  members  of  this  church.  This  or- 
ganization obtained  $1200  from  the  Board  of 
Church  Erection,  but  never  a  dollar  from  the 
Home  Mission  Board. 


December  20,  1863,  Mr.  Martin  was  married  to 
Lydia  Coulson,  whose  family  was  on  the  way  to 


George   W,  Martin,  S5 


Kansas  from  Columbiana  county,  Ohio,  at  the 
same  time  in  the  spring  of  1857  that  the  Martin 
family  was  on  the  river.  She  was  bom  at  Mi- 
nerva, Columbiana  county,  March  16,  1845.  She 
died  in  Kansas  City  June  7,  1900.  She  was  the 
daughter  of  Allen  and  Catherine  Coulson.  The 
father  was  a  Quaker  from  Pennsylvania  and  the 
mother  a  Methodist  from  Virginia.  They  had 
some  interest  in  the  Underground  Railroad,  for 
her  first  recollections  were  concerning  the  arrival 
of  negroes  at  their  barn  in  the  morning  and  their 
disappearance  in  the  evening.  Mrs.  Martin  was 
the  mother  of  five  children:  Lincoln,  born  in 
Junction  City  November  1,  1864;  married  June 
22,  1904,  to  Mary  C.  Ferguson,  daughter  of  James 
Ferguson  of  Kansas  City,  Kansas;  Amelia,  born 
June  10,  1867,  in  Junction  City;  married  October 
7,  1903,  to  Napoleon  Bonaparte  Burge  of  Topeka; 
Charles  Coulson  Martin,  born  at  Toj^eka,  October 
7,  1876;  married  September  22,  1904,  to  Mar- 
gurite  Haskell  daughter  of  W.  W.  Haskell,  of 
Kansas  City,  Kansas;  Elizabeth  and  Ruth  died 
in  infancy.  Three  members  of  the  Coulson  fam- 
ily served  in  the  Kansas  Legislature:  Ambrose 
U.  Mussey,  of  Pottawatomie,  first  State  Legis- 
lature, 1861 ;  George  W.  Martin,  of  Geary,  1883. 
and  George  H.  Coulson,  of  Harper,  1891  and  18»3. 
October  10,  1901,  Mr.  Martin  married  Mrs. 
Josephine   Blakely.     Mrs.   Blakely  was   the  first 


86  Fifty  Years  in  Kansas. 

girl  Martin  met  when  he  went  to  Junction  City 
in  1861.  Her  first  husband  was  Major  WilHam 
S.  Blakely,  Martin's  partner  in  the  publication  of 
the  Union  for  three  years ;  he  quit  the  newspaper 
and  went  into  the  hardware  business.  He  served 
in  the  State  Senate  two  sessions,  and  in  the  House 
of  Representatives  one  term,  and  postmaster  at 
Junction,  and  also  Mayor  of  Junction  City.  Pie 
participated  in  the  battle  of  Wilson  Creek  as  a 
member  of  Co.  B,  Second  Kansas.  He  was  born 
in  Troy,  New  York,  July  20,  1838.  He  refused  an 
appointment  to  West  Point  by  Russell  Sage,  then 
a  member  of  Congress,  because  he  preferred  to 
come  West.  He  settled  in  Geary  county  in  1858. 
Josephine  Morgan  was  born  in  New  York,  Feb- 
ruary 11,  1846.  She  reached  Kansas  with  her 
parents  in  April,  1858.  June  4,  1865,  she  was 
married  to  W^illiam  S.  Blakely.  They  were  the 
parents  of  the  following  children:  Selden  Price 
Blakely,  March  13,  1868,  married  Jennie  Furth, 
and  living  in  Okanogan  county,  Washington; 
Frederick  William,  September  25,  1870,  died  in 
infancy;  Josephine,  born  September  8,  1872, 
married  E.  J.  Clough,  and  living  at  Portland, 
Oregon;  Ellen  J.,  April  6,  1874,  married  E.  R. 
Ketner,  died  June  27,  1904;  Catharine  C,  born 
September  30,  1875,  married  Frank  O'Reilley, 
living  in  Chicago,  Illinois ;  George  Martin  Blakely, 
born    Januarv   16,    1879,   married   to   Miss  Elsie 


George   W.  Martin, 


37 


Cochran,  and  living  in  Condon,  Oregon;  Warren 
S.  Blakely,  born  September  22,  1882,  married  to 
Ethel  Loftin,  and  living  in  Shaniko,  Oregon. 
Mr.  Blakely  died  June  11,  1885. 


The  second  story  was  the  home  of  the  Unim  In  1861,  first  fioor 
the  City  Jail.    Torn  down  in  1906. 

In  January,  1873,  one  week  before  the  York- 
Pomeroy  exposure,  Martin  was  elected  State 
Printer,  at  the  close  of  the  most  violent  one-week's 
campaign  ever  known  in  the  Kansas  legislature. 
The  fight  was  bitter,  although  there  were  but  three 
ballots,    and    it    was    carried    into    the    Supreme 


38  Fifty  Years  in  Kansas. 

Court  in  a  contest.  The  Topeka  Commonwealth 
was  then  the  Republican  organ  of  the  State.  The 
State  printing  was  run  in  about  as  loose  a  manner 
as  anything  could  be,  and  Martin  was  selected 
by  those  desiring  to  make  a  change  for  the  better. 
He  was  elected  State  Printer  four  times,  and  came 
within  a  scratch  of  making  it  the  fifth  time,  and 
had  a  fight  on  his  hands  every  minute  of  the  en- 
tire eight  years  in  which  he  held  the  oJBBce.  The 
first  time  he  was  offered  a  bonus  not  to  qualify, 
and  his  response  was:  "The  men  who  voted  for 
me  meant  something,  and  I  will  not  sell  them  out." 
An  examination  of  the  printing  prior  to  1873  will 
show  that  the  State  paid  about  as  much  for  pica 
slugs  as  it  did  for  straight  reading-matter.  The 
reorganization  of  the  State  printing  on  its  present 
basis  by  Martin  attracted  attention  throughout 
the  country.  A  high  Eastern  authority  stated 
that  it  was  the  first  time  public  printing  had  ever 
been  made  equal  in  quality  to  the  best  commercial 
printing.  The  first  job  Martin  turned  out  was 
12,00,0  copies  of  the  Kansas  school  laws,  and  under 
the  same  fee  bill,  with  the  same  Secretary  of  State 
to  measure,  and  the  same  copy  to  the  letter,  he 
made  the  12,000  copies  cost  $1,370  less  than 
10,000  cost  the  year  before;  while  the  reports  of 
the  State  officers,  with  some  increase  in  size,  cost 
invariably  from  twenty-five  to  thirty-three  per 
cent,  less  than  they  cost  the  year  before.     It  is 


George   W.  Martin.  89 

the  opinion  of  the  writer  that  an  examination  of 
the  records  will  show  that  Martin  is  the  only  man 
who  ever  reformed  any  public  job  at  the  expense 
of  his  own  pocket.  And  if  anybody  thinks  it  is 
an  easy  matter  to  make  a  practical  reform  in  a 
public  office,  the  writer  will  state  that  Martin 
had  a  hades  of  a  time  whenever  the  Legislature 
met.  Not  that  the  legislators  were  bad,  but  a 
robust  set  of  grafters  infested  Kansas,  and  they 
had  no  respect  for  the  economy  he  had  wrought. 
In  his  five  contests  but  one  man  approached  him 
for  boodle,  and  that  man  was  not  a  member  of  the 
Legislature.  A  host  of  grafters  were  cut  out  by 
Martin's  election,  and  they  pursued  him  for  years, 
but  he  won  out  all  right.  He  once  mentioned  to 
a  State  Senator  that  a  certain  bill  had  been  in- 
troduced in  the  House  the  day  before,  the  purpose 
of  which  was  to  divide  up  the  printing  and  annoy 
him.  In  attempting  to  give  the  details  the  Sena- 
tor shut  him  off  with  the  statement  that  he  did 
not  have  to  understand  the  details  of  the  bill; 
that  Martin  had  twenty-two  fellows  in  the  Senate 
who  would  dance  every  time  he  fiddled,  and  ended 
with  **Now  you  fiddle,  and  don't  bother  me  again." 
Martin  never  took  a  job  in  his  life  that  he  did 
not  improve  or  advance,  and  he  has  a  holy  con- 
tempt for  any  man  who  thinks  there  is  nothing 
in  a  position  but  the  salary.  He  has  always  main- 
tained that  the  best  service  was  the  best  politics. 


40  Fifty  Years  in  Kansas. 


Noble  L.  Prentis,  in  the  paper  already  referred  to, 
said:  "The  dingy  old  *pub.  docs.'  of  the  Eastern 
States  were  as  tattered  rags  beside  a  silk  gown, 
when  compared  with  the  books  which  came  from 
the  State  Printing  House  in  Martin's  time.  He 
it  was  who  (outside  of  these)  published  Wilder's 
*  Annals  of  Kansas,'  the  handsomest,  most  useful 
and  worst  paying  book  ever  printed  in  this  western 
country."  James  F.  Legate,  who  always  opposed 
Martin,  introduced  the  following  resolution,  which 
was  adopted  by  the  joint  convention  which  elected 
his  successor,  January  18,  1881 : 

''Resolved^  That  Geo.  W.  Martin,  the  retiring 
State  Printer,  is  entitled  to,  and  we  tender  him, 
the  warmest  commendations  of  the  Legislature  of 
the  State  of  Kansas  in  joint  convention  assem- 
bled, for  the  high  standard  to  which  he  has  raised 
the  State  printing;  for  his  integrity  of  character 
as  State  Printer,  being  ever  watchful  of  the  rights 
of  the  people,  even  to  his  own  expense.  He  cona- 
menced  his  career  eight  years  ago  with  an  un- 
tarnished character,  and  leaves  it  to-dav  with  a 
character  unblemished,  even  by  the  severest  critic." 

That  was  the  only  time  a  joint  convention  of  the 
Legislature  ever  did  such  a  thing. 

In  1888,  Martin  removed  from  Junction  City 
to  Kansas  City,  Kansas,  to  establish  there  a 
Kansas  daily,  advised  by  three  of  the  most  prom- 
inent and  successful  business  men  in  the  West. 


George   W,  Martin.  41 

There  was  much  humor  and  tragedy  in  the  twelve 
years  that  followed.  The  effort  was  on  the  high 
road  to  success  when  the  panic  of  1893  knocked 
all  the  small  or  medium  enterprises  in  the  town, 
but  with  the  heroic  help  of  W.  L.  and  D.  W. 
Witmer,  business  partners,  the  debris,  in  the  shape 
of  bills,  has  been  practically  all  cleaned  up,  and 
there  are  no  judgments  to  come  disturbing  the 
slumbers  of  any  one  in  consequence,  leaving  the 
proprietors  with  a  large,  rich  and  varied  stock 
of  experience,  for  which  they  paid  an  unprecedented 
premium.  The  friends  who  never  tired,  and  the 
friends  made,  in  that  struggle,  more  than  out- 
weigh all  disappointed  ambition. 

One  of  the  most  vicious  fights  Martin  ever  had 
was  with  the  labor  unions  of  Kansas  City,  Kansas. 
They  attempted  to  have  the  City  Council  pass  an 
ordinance  limiting  all  work  for  the  city  to  members 
of  labor  unions.  It  came  up  in  the  Repubhcan 
primary  election,  and  the  politicians  and  candidates 
were  so  frightened  that  Martin  could  not  get  any 
promises  out  of  them  not  to  pass  the  ordinance.  He 
wrote  a  speech,  but  so  timid  are  public  officials  when 
confronted  with  a  contest  with  unions  that  he  was 
not  allowed  to  deliver  it.  So,  he  printed  it  and 
delivered  it  direct  to  the  people.  He  distributed 
thousands  of  copies.  1 1  went  into  every  house  and 
every  shop  in  the  cities  about  the  mouth  of  the 
Kaw.     Every  passenger  on   the  street  cars  had 


42  Fifty   Years  in  Kansas. 

one  to  take  home.  The  address  was  entitled 
"Organized  Labor  in  Wyandotte  County — Its 
Record  of  Lawlessness,  Infamy,  and  Disaster  to 
Workingmen,  their  Wives  and  Children."  The 
effect  of  the  address  was  to  check  the  movement, 
but  in  June  an  order  to  renew  the  fight  was  made 
by  the  Trades  Assembly,  and  Martin  wrote  an- 
other speech,  on  "The  Viciousness  and  Lawless- 
ness of  Labor  Unions."  This  address  was  de- 
livered before  the  Council  of  Kansas-City,  Kansas, 
October  24,  1899,  and  the  ordinance  was  beaten 
by  a  vote  of  eight  to  three.  Over  75,000  copies 
of  these  two  speeches  were  printed,  and  he  had 
calls  for  them  from  all  parts  of  the  country.  The 
typographical  union  with  which  he  had  this  fight 
had  its  charter  taken  from  it.  \n  every  contest 
through  a  period  of  four  or  five  years  Martin 
whipped  all  the  unions  in  the  two  cities. 

He  was  Grand^  Master  of  the  Odd  Fellows  in 
1872  and  1873.  He  was  likewise  strenuous  in 
this  position.  He  suspended  a  Grand  Treasurer 
and  took  the  money  from  him  just  in  time  to  save 
loss;  and  he  had  the  entire  Grand  Lodge  in- 
volved in  a  libel  suit,  in  approving  a  certain  action 
of  a  local  lodge,  in  which  the  Supreme  Court  of 
the  State  finally  sustained  him.  He  was  made  an 
Odd  Fellow  in  Frontier  Lodge  No.  25,  at  Junction 
City,   where  his  membership  still  remains,  forty 


George   W.  Martin.  43 


years  ago,  on  March  29,  1867.     In  1883  and  1884 
he  was  Mayor  of  Junction  CiU". 

The  wagon-bridge  across  the  Republican  river 
alongside  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railway  is  an  in- 
teresting evidence  of  Martin's  determination   to 
get  through  with  a  thing.     In  the  early  days  a 
bunch  of  promoters  in  the  town  worked  through 
Congress  a  grant  to  the  State  of  Kansas  of  all 
the  land  between  Junction  City  and  the  Smoky 
Hill  and  Republican  rivers,  a  portion  of  the  nnl- 
itary    reserve,    about    four    thousand    acres,    for 
bridge  purpose,  the  State  obligating  itself  to  keep 
the  bridge  there  free  for  the  use  of  the  United 
States  forever.     The  Legislature  passed  the  land 
over  to  a  local  bridge  company,  and  took  a  straw 
bond   to  maintain   the   bridge.     The   bridge  was 
built,  the  land  divided,  and  in  a  year  or  so  the 
bridge   fell    down.     As  Representative  from  that 
county  in  the  Legislature  of  1883,  Martin  failed 
to  get  a  direct  appropriation  to  replace  the  briilge, 
but  he  got  the  consent  of  the  State  that  the  War 
Department  replace  the  bridge  and  hold  the  ex- 
pense out  of  any  funds  due  the  State.     After  a 
marvelous   lot  of  red    tape  the  transfer  of  funds 
was  made,  when  it  was  discovered  that  thei-e  was 
not   enough   money   by   $1500.     He  circulated   a 
petition  asking  the  county  commissioners  to  put 
up   the   balance,   which   was   done,   and    there  it 
stands— a  local  bridge  built  by  the  State.     Martin 


44  Fifty   Years  in  Kansas. 


was  not  a  member  of  the  bridge  company,  but  at 
the  sale  of  the  land,  April  20,  18G9,  representing 
a  friend  who  was,  he  bid  in  six  or  eight  acres, 
where  three  bridges  now  stand,  at  $250  per  acre, 
to  be  paid  in  the  scrip  of  the  company,  which  was 
then  as  good  as  money  because  it  had  4000  acres 
of  land,  at  a  reasonable  appraisement,  back  of  it. 
The  State  sued  the  bondsmen  in  September,  1877, 
and  lost.  The  Attorney-General,  closing  his  re- 
port, said:  "The  State  must  now  maintain  the 
bridge  forever,  without  the  hope  of  getting  a 
dollar."  At  the  time  of  the  suit  three  of  the  com- 
pany were  dead,  and  seven  were  bankrupt. 

He  always  had  a  fad  for  Kansas  books,  and  be- 
gan early  to  make  a  collection.  A  few  years  ago 
he  turned  this  collection  over  to  the  College  of 
Emporia.  It  now  numbers  825  volumes,  besides 
a  quantity  of  pamphlets,  and  is  in  an  alcove  bear- 
ing his  name. 

Martin  was  intensely  interested  in  the  rebuild- 
ing of  Fort  Riley.  During  the  first  year  or  two 
the  job  moved  slowly,  although  the  Post  was 
known  as  Sheridan's  pet.  After  he  had  gone  to 
Kansas  City,  in  1888,  Capt.  Bertrand  Rockwell 
wrote  him  that  he  had  a  letter  from  Senator  P.  B. 
Plumb  saying  that  Fort  Riley  was  sim|>ly  a  local 
affair,  and  he  could  not  do  anything  for  it.  Mar- 
tin prepared  a  column  editorial  in  the  Kansas 
City   Gazette   on   the   advantages   of  Fort   Riley, 


George   W.  Martin,  45 

and  then  wrote  letters  to  about  twenty  newspa[)er 
friends  covering  all  sections  of  the  State,  asking 
them  to  each  write  something  along  the  same  line 
for  their  papers.  Every  editor  did  so.  When 
their  y>npers  reached  Washington  Senator  Plumb 
took  hold  with  all  his  vigor.  The  trouble  was  not 
that  Plumb  had  any  objection  to  assisting  any 
local  job  or  interest  in  Kansas,  but  that  he  had 
some  antipathy  to  the  regular  army.  Those  who 
knew  P'ort  Riley  twenty-five  years  ago  would  not 
recognize  a  foot  of  it  to-day.  Had  Sheridan  lived 
five  or  ten  years  longer,  Riley  might  have  out- 
stripped Fort  Leavenworth.  Leavenworth  once 
fined  Sheridan  for  fast  driving. 

He  never  was  satisfied  with  the  name  of  Davis 
(given  by  a  pro-slavery  legislature  in  honor  of 
Jefi'erson  Davis)  for  a  county  in  Kansas,  much 
less  the  one  in  which  he  found  a  home.  Several 
suggestions  of  a  change  had  been  made,  when  the 
Union  thought  that  John  W.  Geary,  third  Ter- 
ritorial Governor,  a  great  Major-General,  and 
twice  Governor  of  Pennsylvania,  should  be  hon- 
ored with  a  place  on  the  map  of  Kansas.  Ten 
years  was  occupied  in  a  quarrel  about  this,  a 
change  resulting  to  that  of  Geary,  in  the  legis- 
lature of  1S89.  Three  sessions  of  the  Legislature 
were  bothered  with  this  matter,  when  it  was 
finally  submitted  to  a  vote  of  the  people.  The 
name  Geary  prevailed  by  a  majority  of  65,  being 


46  Fifty  Years  in  Kansas. 

the  only  name  for  a  county  thus  established. 
Martin's  father  and  Geary  were  friends  away 
back  in  the  thirties,  in  the  Alleghany  Mountains. 
Martin  has  been  wrongfully  held  responsible  for 
the  change  of  Wyandotte  to  Kansas  City,  Kansas. 
The  name  was  changed  before  he  became  a  citizen 
of  that  city,  but  he  did  his  utmost  as  a  newspaper 
editor  to  establish  the  new  name. 

Martin  has  been  around  the  Legislature  during 
every  Senatorial  fight  excej^t  that  of  I.ane  and 
Pomeroy  in  18G1,  and  the  Ingalis-Pomeroy  con- 
test of  1873. ,  In  his  State  Printer  fights  he  passed 
through  the  Pomeroy  and  anti-Pomeroy  contests, 
and  also  the  Horton-Ingalls  fight  in  1879,  and  he 
was  never  expected  to  take  sides,  and  always  had 
supporters  in  all  factions. 

When  asked  about  finances,  Martin  replied, 
"I  have  never  had  any  sense  about  money  matters, 
but  have  always  managed  to  pay  one  hundred 
cents  on  the  dollar."   Who  would  wish  to  do  better? 

In  1873  D.  W.  Wilder,  as  Auditor  of  State,  un- 
covered a  shortage  of  some  $35,000  in  the  State 
Treasury,  and  the  State  Treasurer  was  impeached. 
In  his  report  for  1874  Mr.Wilder  charged  that  State 
oflPicers  had  been  in  sympathy  with  the  defaulting 
State  Treasurer,  and  used  all  their  power  to  shield 
and  protect  him  in  his  crime,  closing  with  this 
statement:  '*The  officers  who  did  not  connive  at 
fraud,  but  who  wanted  the  truth  told  and  dis- 


George   W.  Martin,  47 


obedience  of  the  law  to  stop,  were  Samuel  A. 
Kingman,  George  W.  Martin,  and  David  Dick- 
inson." 

In  the  Republican  State  Convention  of  1894  Mr. 
Martin  received  1^2  votes  for  Governor.  He  had 
a  few  friends  in  different  parts  of  the  State  who 
thought  he  ought  to  be  thus  honored,  but  he  him- 
self was  not  dangerously  afflicted  or  in  the  slight- 
est inflated.  If  he  had  been  called  then,  who 
knows  but  that  the  subsequent  political  history 
of  the  State  might  not  have  been  different  ? — for 
he  has  a  faculty  of  getting  along  with  people  and 
at  the  same  time  doing  things  to  suit  himself, 
and  doing  them  well. 


George  W.  Martin  was  one  of  the  founders  of 
the  State  Historical  Society.  Its  interests  were 
ever  near  his  heart.  Upon  the  death  of  its  first 
Secretary,  Franklin  G.  Adams,  December  2,  1899, 
one  of  the  greatest  men  of  Kansas  and  one  of  the 
founders  of  this  great  State,  Mr.  Martin  was 
elected  Secretary.  There  was  not  another  man 
in  Kansas  who  could  so  successfully  have  filled 
that  position.  The  Collections  of  the  Society  are 
being  increased  at  a  wonderful  rate,  and  many 
new  features  have  been  added.  The  Society  has 
been  brought  into  close  touch  with  the  people  of 
the  State.  It  is  beginning  to  be  appreciated  by 
the  State  Legislatures,  and  in  ten  years  it  is  be- 


48  J^'^Py  Years  in  Kansas. 

lieved  measures  will  be  taken  to  secure  the  erection 
of  History  Hall  for  the  accommodation  of  the  vast 
Collection  already  on  hand  and  to  be  secured.  In 
many  respects  and  in  many  ways  the  Kansas  His- 
torical Society  is  the  foremost  institution  of  the 
kind  iA  the  United  States.  And  taken  altogether 
there  is  but  one  now  in  advance  of  it.  It  is  the 
pioneer  in  the  collection  and  preservation  of  cur- 
rent newspapers  published  in  its  jurisdiction.  This 
newspaper  collection  is  the  most  remarkable  in  the 
world.  The  publications  of  the  Society  are  the 
best  put  out  by  any  similar  institution  in  America. 
These  things  are  true  because  Kansas  has  kept 
men  at  the  head  of  the  Society  who  helped  to  make 
the  history  they  were  set  to  preserve.  They  were 
familiar  with  everything  pertaining  to  that  his- 
tory— were  themselves  a  part  of  it. 

Martin  is  profoundly  grateful  for  the  fact  that 
after  all  these  years  of  political  and  editorial  scrap- 
ping, in  which  he  no  doubt  did  and  said  many 
unreasonable  things,  there  seems  to  be  only  good 
feeling  toward  him  on  the  part  of  all. 

George  W.  Martin  is  one  of  the  successful  men 
of  Kansas.  It  is  now  fifty  years  since  he  made  the 
State  his  home.  Incidents  of  a  practical  value  to 
the  State  abound  through  his  entire  career.  There 
has  not  been  a  day  of  all  that  time  that  he  was  not 
a  good  citizen,  a  kind  father,  an  affectionate  hus- 
band, a  patriot,  and  a  power  for  good. 


George   W.  Martin,  49 


THE  ANNIVERSARY   OBSERVED. 

The  completion  of  Mr.  Martin's  fifty  years  in 
Kansas  was  observed  at  the  home  of  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Martin,  823  Topeka  avenue,  Monday  evening, 
April  8th,  by  a  dinner  with  the  following  guests : 

Gov.  and  Mrs.  E.  W.  Hoch. 

Chief  Justice  and  Mrs.  W.  A.  Johnston. 

Secretary  of  Agriculture  F.  D.  Coburn  and 

Rev.  Dr.   S.   S.  Estey  and  wife.         [wife. 

William  E.  Connelley  and  wife.  ' 

Eugene  F.  Ware  and  wife. 

John  E.  Frost  and  wife. 

B.  F.  Flenniken  and  wife. 

W.  A.  McCarter  and  wife. 

F.  P.  MacLennan  and  wife. 

Joseph  G.  Waters  and  wife. 

George  A.  Clark  and  wife. 

H.  B.  Kelly  and  wife. 

L.  D.  Whittemore  and  wife. 

A.  K.  Rodgers  and  wife. 

Mrs.  Ellen  H.  Orr. 
And  again  Tuesday  evening,  April  9th,   by  a 
family    reunion    arid    dinner    with    the    following 
guests : 

Mrs.  Eva  C.  Burge. 

Miss  Fannie  C.  Burge. 


50  P^ty   Years  in  Kansas. 

Miss  Alzina  B.  Burge. 
Miss  Ruth  C.  Burge. 

Napoleon  B.  Burge  and  Amelia  Martin,  his 
Cornelius  B.   Burge  and  wife.  [wife. 

Lincoln  Martin  and  wife  and  Charles  C. 
Martin  and  wife,  of  Kansas  City,  Kansas. 
George  A.  Root  and  wife. 
Miss  Zu  Adams. 
Miss  Clara  Francis. 
Miss  Lucy  S.  Greene. 
William  E.  Bacon. 
Miss  Gertrude  Coburn. 
Miss  Willa  Rodgers. 
Miss  Nannie  Veale. 
Mrs.  Geo.  W.  Veale,  jr. 
Col.  Geo.  W.  Veale  and  wife. 
Mrs.  J.  M.  Sullivant. 
Mrs.  J.  P.  Griswold. 

Mrs.  Elizabeth  A.  Johnson,  of  Courtland. 
W.  H.  Mackev,  sr.,  and  wife. 
Miss  Elizabeth  Henderson  and 
Loring  Trott,  of  Junction  City. 
Mrs.  Ellen  H.  Orr. 


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